What is the generic term for the process by which a concrete section is compressed?

The term "prestressing" refers to the method used in structural engineering where a concrete section is intentionally subjected to compression before any additional loads are applied. This is achieved by placing high-strength steel tendons or cables within or alongside the concrete and applying tension to them prior to, or simultaneously with, the curing of the concrete. As the concrete sets, the tension in the tendons creates a compressive force that counteracts tensile stresses that the concrete would experience under service loads.

This process enhances the performance of the concrete structure, allowing it to handle greater loads and reducing the risk of cracking. It is particularly useful for long spans and high-load applications, making prestressed concrete a popular choice in bridges, parking garages, and large commercial buildings.

In contrast, reinforcing typically refers to the addition of steel bars (rebar) to enhance tensile strength but does not inherently involve the concept of compression. Post-tensioning is a specific form of prestressing that occurs after the concrete has been poured, while compacting relates to the process of consolidating soil or aggregate, which is not relevant to the context of concrete sections being compressed. Thus, "prestressing" is the most accurate term to describe the described process.